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Pulmonary Manifestations Of HIV Infection
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| Introduction |
| The
lung is the most common site of HIV-associated complications,
both infectious and noninfectious. Indeed, the recognition
of AIDS was initially based on the occurrence of Pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia (PCP) in previously healthy men. The
HIV epidemic has also been shadowed by a parallel epidemic
in new cases of tuberculosis, including outbreaks of
multi-drug-resistant disease. Individuals with HIV infection
are also susceptible to bacterial pneumonia. Additionally,
HIV-infected persons are susceptible to a number of
neoplastic and inflammatory conditions that affect the
lung (Table 1). The prevention, evaluation, and treatment
of pulmonary disease is an essential part of managing
patients with HIV infection. |
| Table
1: Potential Causes of Respiratory Symptoms in HIV-infected
Adults |
| Frequency |
Infectious
Causes |
Noninfectious
Causes |
| Common |
Bacterial
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pneumocystis carinii Respiratory
viruses Cryptococcus neoformans
Endemic mycoses (e.g. Histoplasma capsulatum,
Coccidioides immitis) |
pneumonia
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis |
| Uncommon |
Atypical
mycobacteria e.g. Mycobacterium avium complex Toxoplasma
gondii Rhodococcus equi Aspergillus spp. Cytomegalovirus |
Lymphoma
Pulmonary embolism
Congestive heart failure |
| Rare |
Salmonella
Syphilis Mycobacterium malmoense Cryptosporidium
Strongyloides stercoralis |
Lymphocytic
interstitial pneumonitis Talcosis Kaposi's sarcoma |
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